一种容积法测小流量研究

针对高压汽水两相流实验中小液量测量困难这一问题，运用重力压差主要由液相密度决定的原理，提出了由圆管内重力压差变化线性分求流量的方法，实验表明这一方法线性度很好，本文对这一方法进行了理论分析，得到了计算修正公式，同时评估了计算带来的误差。     

可靠性设计中的疲劳裂纹扩展随机模型

首先导出了疲劳裂纹扩展的确定性方程，然后将疲劳裂纹扩展确定性方程随机化，导出了疲劳裂纹随机扩展的概率公式，并推导了疲劳裂纹随机扩展的置信限公式，最后，给出了二种材料疲劳裂纹随机扩展数据的处理结果。     

磁粉法检测表面裂纹概率曲线的测定

本文介绍了利用实物零件测定裂纹检出概率的方法，并作出了用磁粉法检测表面裂纹的检测概率曲线，为大型构件检测周期的确定提供了可靠数据，为结构损伤容限设计，可靠性设计提供了重要的依据。     

高放废物处置库选址中低渗透介质地质研究的几个问题

低渗透介质是阻碍有害物质在地下迁移良好的天然屏障, 因此成为高放废物处置库围岩类型的首选。本文通过对高放废物处置库选址中地质研究的回顾, 阐述了低渗透介质地质研究的特点, 对地质参数测定、取样、水流模拟、地球化学模拟进行了重点介绍。     

二维边界元奇异积分和多域缩聚法分析

基于基本解的一种新的表达式，对二维边界元分析中奇异积分的精确求解进行了讨论，从几何方面对基本解的奇异性进行了分析，给出了超参非连续元离散位势和弹性力学问题边界积分方程时奇异积分计算的精确式，从而为判断各种近似方法的优劣和间接方法的精度提供了依据，也为精确地分析了大规模问题提供了一条有效的途径。     

Internal waves around a disturbance in a fluid with arbitrary stratification and background shear flow

A three-dimensional ray theory is presented for calculating the phase configuration of internal waves around a moving disturbance in a flow with arbitrary stratification and background shear. The theory is applied to two-dimensional stratified shear flows which have been produced in the laboratory and good agreement is shown between the theoretical and experimental phase configurations. Good agreement is also shown when caustics and critical levels are present. This paper includes the wave systems arising from a combined translation and oscillatory motion of a source and it shows how distinct systems of waves arise from each, type of motion under different background conditions. This paper shows that for two-dimensional steady wave systems the critical level is at a well defined height which is independent of wavenumber but in three dimensions the critical height can in general vary with wavenumber.     

Effect of the grain size on the macroscopic response of aluminum to shock loading

Shock tests of two lots of a 1420 aluminum-lithium alloy are performed. The mean grain size is 24 μm in the first lot and 1.6 μm in the second lot obtained by the method of equal-channel angular pressing. Two characteristics of dynamic strength of the material were determined in experiments on the high-velocity impact of flat samples: threshold of dynamic stability with respect to compression on the fore front of the compression pulse and spall strength of the material. The materials of both types have an identical threshold of dynamic stability with respect to compression, whereas the spall strength of the microcrystalline alloy is 20% greater than the spall strength of the polycrystalline alloy. The reason is the consumption of energy on structure formation in the coarse-grain material in passing to a larger-scale structural level (in the case with a fine-grain material, such a structure is available in the initial state). The experiments reveal the presence of a second plastic front whose amplitude is approximately 10% of the first plastic front. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 135–146, November–December, 2007.     

2D钙钛矿太阳能电池的能带调控

经过短短十年的发展,钙钛矿太阳能电池效率已经超过25%,极具商业化价值,这得益于三维(3D)钙钛矿材料具有合适的带隙、吸光系数高、电子迁移距离长等优点。但3D钙钛矿的稳定性依然是其亟待解决的问题。二维(2D)钙钛矿器件除了兼具3D钙钛矿的优异光电性质之外,其稳定性良好,是解决3D钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性问题的一个可行方案。2D钙钛矿晶格中的疏水性大烷基胺阳离子能阻止湿气侵入的可能路径,使其成为光电器件的备选材料。由于2D钙钛矿对许多不同的有机和无机成分具有较高的耐受性,使其组成具有多样性,进而影响其能带变化。本文对2D钙钛矿的带隙调控及能带调控进行总结,希望对制备高效、稳定的低维度钙钛矿太阳能电池具有一定的指导意义。     

Side Information Generation Scheme Based on Coefficient Matrix Improvement Model in Transform Domain Distributed Video Coding

In order to effectively improve the quality of side information in distributed video coding, we propose a side information generation scheme based on a coefficient matrix improvement model. The discrete cosine transform coefficient bands of the Wyner–Ziv frame at the encoder side are divided into entropy coding coefficient bands and distributed video coding coefficient bands, and then the coefficients of entropy coding coefficient bands are sampled, which are divided into sampled coefficients and unsampled coefficients. For sampled coefficients, an adaptive arithmetic encoder is used for lossless compression. For unsampled coefficients and the coefficients of distributed video coding coefficient bands, the low density parity check accumulate encoder is used to calculate the parity bits, which are stored in the buffer and transmitted in small amount upon decoder request. At the decoder side, the optical flow method is used to generate the initial side information, and the initial side information is improved according to the sampled coefficients by using the coefficient matrix improvement model. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed side information generation scheme based on the coefficient matrix improvement model can effectively improve the quality of side information, and the quality of the generated side information is improved by about 0.2–0.4 dB, thereby improving the overall performance of the distributed video coding system.     

Multi-guasiparticle excitations of ~(91)Ru

The level structure in neutron-deficient nucleus 91Ru was investigated via the 58Ni(36Ar,2 plnγ)Ru reaction at a beam energy of 111 MeV.Charged particles,neutrons,and y-rays were emitted in this reaction and detected by the DIAMANT CsI ball,Neutron Wall,and the EXOGAM Ge clover array,respectively.In addition to the previously reported levels in 91Ru,new low-to-medium spin states were observed.Angular correlation and linear polarization measurements were performed to unambiguously determine spins and parities of the excited states in 91 Ru.The low-spin states of 91 Ru exhibit a scheme of multi-quasiparticle excitations,which is very similar to that of the neighboring N=47 isotone.These excitations have been interpreted in terms of the shell model.The calculations performed in the configuration space(p3/2,f5/2,p1/2,g9/2)reproduce the experimental excitation energies reasonably well,supporting the interpretation of the newly assigned positive-parity states in terms of the three quasiparticle configurationsπ(g9/2)^-2v(g9/2^-1 and v(g9/2)^-3.